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2005 Vol. 69(1) 113-127

Editor:
John A. Palmer, Ph.D.
Copyright: 
Parapsychology Press

Citation

Roe, C. A. and Holt, N. (2005). Article. A Further Consideration of the Sender as a PK agent in Ganzfeld ESP Studies. Journal of Parapsychology, 69(1), 113-127.

Article

A Further Consideration of the Sender as a PK agent in Ganzfeld ESP Studies

Chris A. Roe and Nicola Holt

In this study we were concerned to evaluate whether the sender plays any active role in successful ganzfeld GESP experiments by comparing sender and no-sender conditions. In a replication of Roe, Holt, & Simmonds’ (2003) novel method, during the sending period receivers generated a mentation based on their experiences in ganzfeld and simultaneously a random number generator (RNG) acted as a proxy receiver by “selecting” statements from among a pool of 768 to give a 20-item “RNG mentation.” Forty ganzfeld trials were conducted with novice sender-receiver pairs, of which 23 involved senders and 17 did not. Receivers registered a 25% overall hit rate, equal to mean chance expectation, with slightly better performance in sender trials than no-sender trials (26.1% versus 23.5%). Two independent judges used the RNG mentation to rank order the clips in each target set and produced hit rates of 30.6% and 16.7%. Both independent judges gave higher hit rates for the sender trials than for the no-sender trials (42.1% versus 17.6%, 26.3% versus 5.9%), though these differences were not significant. None of a number of individual differences measures significantly predicted receiver performance, and indeed none were suggestive (p < .1).

Keywords:

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